AP-NORC (2022, October). Many believe misinformation is increasing extreme political views and behaviors. AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. https://apnorc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Pearson-Institute-AP-NORC-Poll-Report-on-Misinformation.pdf
Aspen Digital. (2021, November) Commission on information disorder: Final report. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Aspen-Institute_Commission-on-Information-Disorder_Final-Report.pdf
Baldassaro, M., Harbath, K. & Scholtens, M. (2021, August) The big lie and big tech: Misinformation repeat offenders and social media in the 2020 U.S. election. The Carter Center. https://www.cartercenter.org/resources/pdfs/news/peace_publications/democracy/the-big-lie-and-big-tech.pdf
Barrett, P.M. (2022, September) Spreading the big lie: How social media sites have amplified false claims of U.S. election fraud. New York University Stern Center for Business and Human Rights. https://bhr.stern.nyu.edu/tech-big-lie
Common Cause. (2021, October) As a matter of fact: The harms caused by election disinformation. Common Cause Education Fund. https://www.commoncause.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/CC_AsaMatterofFact_FINAL_10.27.21.pdf
Congressional Research Service. (2022, August 1) False Speech and the First Amendment: Constitutional Limits
on Regulating Misinformation. CRS Reports. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF12180
Cuffari, J. V. (2022, August 10). DHS Needs a Unified Strategy to Counter Disinformation Campaigns. Department of Homeland Security. https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2022-08/OIG-22-58-Aug22.pdf
Deloitte (2022, November). The Future of News | An analysis of future trends, scenarios and initiatives to increase the value of news in 2030. https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/nl/Documents/technology-media-telecommunications/deloitte-nl-tmt-future-of-news-report-2022.pdf
GreenTarget (2023, September). NextGen journalists: Navigating misinformation, AI & the future of journalism. https://greentarget.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/Greentarget-Future-of-Journalism-Report-2023.pdf
Head, A. J., et al. (2020, January). Information literacy in the age of algorithms. Project InfoLit. https://projectinfolit.org/pubs/algorithm-study/pil_algorithm-study_2020-01-15.pdf
Helmus, T. C. (2022, July). Artificial Intelligence, Deepfakes, and Disinformation. RAND Corporation. https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PEA1000/PEA1043-1/RAND_PEA1043-1.pdf
Howard, P. N., et al. (2021, August). Digital misinformation / disinformation and children. UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/globalinsight/media/2096/file/UNICEF-Global-Insight-Digital-Mis-Disinformation-and-Children-2021.pdf
Knight Foundation. (2023, January). American Views 2022: Part 2: Trust, Media and Democracy. Knight-Gallup. https://knightfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/American-Views-2022-Pt-2-Trust-Media-and-Democracy.pdf
Media Literacy Now. (2022). U.S. media literacy policy report 2022. https://medialiteracynow.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/MediaLiteracyPolicyReport2022.pdf
Monaghan, K. & Rodriguez, C. (2023) Mis-and disinformation: Extremism in the digital age. Counter Terrorism Preparedness Network. https://www.london.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2023-12/CTPN%20Report%202023%20-%20Mis-and%20Disinformation%2C%20Extremism%20in%20the%20Digital%20Age%20%28Single%20Pages%29.pdf
Mont’Alverne, C., et al. (2022, September). The Trust Gap: How and Why News on Digital Platforms Is Viewed More Sceptically Versus News in General. Reuters Institute. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2022-09/MontAlverne_et_al_The_Trust_Gap.pdf
Newman, N. (2023, June 14). Overview and key findings of the 2023 Digital News Report. Reuters Institute. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/digital-news-report/2023/dnr-executive-summary
Pehlivanoglu D., et al. (2022). Aging in an "infodemic": the role of analytical reasoning affect and news consumption frequency on news veracity detection. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Applied 468–485. https://psycnet.apa.org/fulltext/2022-58029-001.pdf
Roozenbeek, J., et al. (2022). Psychological inoculation improves resilience against misinformation on social media. Science Advances. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abo6254
Shahi, M. (2023, Sept. 14). Protecting democracy online in 2024 and beyond. American Progress. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/protecting-democracy-online-in-2024-and-beyond/
UNESCO. (2022, May 3). Journalism under digital siege: World Press Freedom Day. UNESCO. https://en.unesco.org/sites/default/files/wpfd_2022_concept_note_en_v5.pdf
World Economic Forum. (2024, Jan. 10). Global risks 2024: Disinformation tops global risks 2024 as environmental threats intensify. UNESCO. https://www.weforum.org/press/2024/01/global-risks-report-2024-press-release/
A Newsy/YouGov poll found Americans trust journalists over family and friends as trustworthy sources of news. (2021, February 1). Newsy/YouGov. https://www.newsy.com/stories/americans-say-facebook-is-biggest-source-of-misinformation/
AP-NORC (2022, October 8). Many believe misinformation is increasing extreme political views and behaviors. AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. https://apnorc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/Pearson-Institute-AP-NORC-Poll-Report-on-Misinformation.pdf
AP-NORC (2021, October). The American public views the spread of misinformation as a major problem. AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. https://apnorc.org/projects/the-american-public-views-the-spread-of-misinformation-as-a-major-problem/
AP-NORC . (2023, November 3). There is bipartisan concern about the use of artificial intelligence in the 2024 elections. AP-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research. https://apnorc.org/projects/there-is-bipartisan-concern-about-the-use-of-ai-in-the-2024-elections/
Bealor, S. (2022, August 11). Large majority think they see misinformation online every week. Poynter. https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/media-literacy/2022/survey-says-large-majority-think-they-see-misinformation-online-every-week/
Forman-Katz, N. & Jurkowitz, M. (2022, July 13). U.S. journalists differ from the public in their views of ‘bothsidesism’ in journalism. Pew Research. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2022/07/13/u-s-journalists-differ-from-the-public-in-their-views-of-bothsidesism-in-journalism/
Klepper, D. (2022, October 12). Most in US say misinformation spurs extremism, hate. Associated Press. https://apnews.com/article/religion-crime-social-media-race-and-ethnicity-05889f1f4076709c47fc9a18dbee818a
Kulke, S. (2023, February 28). Half of Americans uncertain about ability to identify false political claims. Northwestern University. https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2023/02/survey-half-of-americans-uncertain-about-ability-to-identify-false-political-claims/
Matsa, K.E. (2023, November 15). More Americans are getting news on TikTok, bucking the trend seen on most other social media sites. Pew Research. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/11/15/more-americans-are-getting-news-on-tiktok-bucking-the-trend-seen-on-most-other-social-media-sites/
Sanchez, G.R. et al. (2022, July 26). Misinformation is eroding the public’s confidence in democracy. Brookings Institute. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/fixgov/2022/07/26/misinformation-is-eroding-the-publics-confidence-in-democracy/
St. Aubin, C. & Leidke, J. (2023, July 20). Most Americans favor restrictions on false information, violent content online. Pew Research. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/07/20/most-americans-favor-restrictions-on-false-information-violent-content-online/
UNESCO (2023, September). Survey on the impact of online disinformation and hate speech. https://www.unesco.org/sites/default/files/medias/fichiers/2023/11/unesco_ipsos_survey.pdf
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